Compare commits
2 Commits
Author | SHA1 | Date |
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phga | d7b84b1699 | 4 years ago |
Toerd@archlinux | 12b5932f65 | 4 years ago |
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%----------Kurzfassung DEUTSCH----------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Kurzfassung}
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Deutschsprachige Kurzfassung...
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%----------Zusammenfassung Englisch/Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Abstract}
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Here goes the abstract (English language)...
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%----------Danksagung/Acknowledgments--------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Danksagung/Acknowledgments}
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\blindtext
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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
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%----------Eidesstattliche Erklärung/Affidavit----------------------------------------
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\addsec{Erklärung/Affidavit}
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Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig verfasst, noch nicht anderweitig für Prüfungszwecke vorgelegt, keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen oder Hilfsmittel benützt sowie wörtliche und sinngemäße Zitate als solche gekennzeichnet habe.\\ [2em]
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Ingolstadt, \rule{0.3\textwidth}{0.4pt}\\ [1.5cm]
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%\textcolor{white}{.}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad \small (Datum) \\ [1.5cm]
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%(Unterschrift) \\
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Firstname Lastname
|
@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
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%----------Anhang/Appendices--------------------------------------------------------------
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% ----------Anhang/Appendices--------------------------------------------------------------
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\appendix
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\section{Anhang}
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\section{Appendices}
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\subsection[]{Onlinefragebogen} \label{sec:a1}
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\vspace{2em}
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\includegraphics[height = 0.6\textheight]{images/fragebogen/questionnaire1}
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\includepdf[pages={2-3}]{images/fragebogen/questionnaire2}
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\subsection{Statista charts}
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\label{sec:a1}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/GER_households_w_computer.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/ITU_households_w_computer.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/erostat_ent_w_comp.png}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection[]{Rohdaten des Onlinefragebogens für die statistische Auswertung}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/qu_daten1}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/qu_daten2}
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\end{center}
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\subsection{Collection of available actuation forces for different keyswitch manufacturers}
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\label{app:keyswitch}
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\newpage
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To gather information about available actuation forces, the product lines of
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keyswitches for all well known manufacturers, namely Cherry, Kailh, Gateron,
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Matias, Razer and Logitech were collected. Since some of the key actuation
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forces listed on the manufacturers or resellers websites were given in \gls{cN}
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and most of them in \gls{g} or \gls{gf}, the values were adjusted to gram to
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reflect a trend that is within a margin of ± 2 g of accuracy. The results shown
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in \textit{Figure \ref{fig:iter}} are used to determine the minimum, maximum and most common
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actuation force for broadly available keyswitches.
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\subsection[]{Auswertung der Evaluation hinsichtlich...}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/xxx} \\
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\end{center}
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\newpage
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\subsection[]{Datenträger/Data carrier}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/keyswitches_brands.png}
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\caption{Available actuation forces for keyswitches of major keyswitch manufacturers}
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\label{fig:iter}
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\end{figure}
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@ -1,22 +1,191 @@
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% Chapter 0 - Proposal
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% Section 1 - Motivation, problem statement and thesis objectives
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\section{Bachelor Thesis Proposal - Philip Gaber}
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{\huge Impact of personalized, per key, actuation force on efficiency, effectiveness and ergonomics while using mechanical keyboards}
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{\huge Impact of adjusted, per key, actuation force on efficiency and satisfaction while using mechanical keyboards}
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\subsection{Motivation}
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In recent years, computers are used to some extend in almost every industry in
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Europe \cite{eurostat_ent_w_comp} and China \cite{iresearch_ent_w_comp}. This
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leads to the conclusion, that also other countries must have a high usage of
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computers in corporations. Furthermore, according to a statistic published by
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\citeauthor{itu_hh_w_comp} in 2019, nearly half of the worldwide households have
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access to at least one computer \cite{itu_hh_w_comp}. One of the most used
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devices for data input while operating a computer is the keyboard
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\parencite[22]{handbook_chi}. Therefore, people who use a computer, either at
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home or to fulfill certain tasks at work, are also likely to use a keyboard. An
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important part of a keyboard is the keyswitch also called keyboard key or
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key. Those keyswitches use, depending on the manufacturer or keyboard type,
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different mechanisms to actuate a keypress. More commonly used mechanism to date
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are scissor switches, mostly used in laptop keyboards, dome/membrane switches,
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often used in low- to mid-priced keyboards, and mechanical switches which are
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the main switch type for high-priced and gaming keyboards
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\cite{ergopedia_keyswitch}. Depending on the mechanism and type of key used, it
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is possible that different force has to be applied to the key to activate
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it. Normally, the force required to activate a key is identical for each key
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across the keyboard. However, previous research has shown, that there is a
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disparity in force generated by different fingers
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\cite{bretz_finger_force}. This raises the question, why there are no keyboards
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with adjusted actuation forces per finger or even customizable keyboards, where
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an individual can select the actuation force for each keyswitch individually.
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\subsection{Objective}
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\subsection{Proposed Objective, Research Question and Hypothesis}
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\subsection{Methods}
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% This thesis is intended to provide an overview of already conducted research in
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% the domain of keyboards, especially in connection with actuation force and the
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% impact of different keyswitches on keyboard users.
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% Because there is no previous research in the particular field of per finger/key
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% actuation force for (mechanical) keyboards and the impact of such customization
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% on efficiency and comfort, this thesis is also intended to research if this is a
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% viable option in comparison to the classic keyboard with uniform actuation
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% force. Therefore the author proposes to answer the question:
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This thesis is intended to research if a keyboard with zones of keys, which have
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adjusted actuation force depending on the assigned finger for that zone and the
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position on the keyboard, is a viable option compared to the standard keyboard
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with uniform actuation force across all keyswitches.
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\begin{tabular}{p{0.3cm} p{0.5cm} p{13cm} p{0.5cm}}
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& \textbf{RQ} & Können die bla bla? & \\
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& \textbf{\large RQ} & {\Large Does an adjusted actuation force per key have a positive impact on efficiency and overall satisfaction while using a mechanical keyboard?} & \\
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\end{tabular}
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\vspace{1em}
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% TODO: Dissatisfied statt comfort da hohe error rate und dadurch frustriert
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% TODO: Bei hypothesen noch error rate bei geschwindigkeit mit einbeziehen
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% ASK: Doch noch comfort mit einbeziehen?
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\begin{longtable}{p{0.3cm} p{0.5cm} p{13cm} p{0.5cm}}
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& \textbf{H1} & Je höher, desto geringer. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H2} & Bla bla, bla bla. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H3} & ADSNanananaNAnananaANANANANA & \\
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\end{longtable}
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& \textbf{H1} & Lower key actuation force improves typing speed over higher key actuation force (efficiency - speed). & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H2} & Higher key actuation force decreases typing errors compared to lower key actuation force (efficiency - error rate). & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H3} & Keys with lower actuation force are perceived as more satisfactory to write with than keys with higher actuation force. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H4} & Users perform better and feel more satisfied while using Keyboards with adjusted key actuation force than without the adjustment. & \\
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\end{longtable}
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\section{Proposed Method}
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\subsection{Subjects}
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Main target group to recruit participants for the research study from are
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personal contacts and fellow students. It is planned to recruit ~20 participants
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in total. Participants are required to type with more than just one finger per
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hand. Thus, touch typing is not a mandatory but helpful skill to
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participate. The age distribution for the subjects is estimated to be between 18
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and 56 years. The average typing speed should be known prior to the main
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experiment. Therefore, a typing speed test should be performed on the subject's
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own keyboard beforehand. This pre experiment typing test has to be performed
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within the standardized test environment consisting of an adjustable chair,
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desk, monitor and the typing test software used within the main experiment.
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Also, all subjects have to give their written consent to participate in the
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study.
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\subsection{Study design}
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The experiment should consist of a experimental group and a control group. The
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control group will perform all typing tests with the same keyboard. The text
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used for the typing test should be easily understandable. Therefore, the text
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has to be evaluated with the help of a Flesch-Kincaid scala \cite{flesch_fre}
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adjusted for German language \cite{amstad_fre}.
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\begin{equation}\label{fre_german}
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FRE_{deutsch} = 180 - \underbrace{ASL}_{\mathclap{\text{Average Sentence Length}}} - (58,5 * \overbrace{ASW}^{\mathclap{\text{Average Syllables per Word}}})
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\end{equation}
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The adjusted formula (\ref{fre_german}) to estimate the understandability of the
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texts used in this experiment usually yields a number in the range of
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\([0;100]\) called the \gls{FRE}. Higher \gls{FRE}s refer to better
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understandability and thus the texts used in this experiment all have to fulfill
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the requirement of a \gls{FRE} \(> 60\) which represents a standard text
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\cite{amstad_fre} and \cite{flesch_fre}.
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One typing test will consist of several smaller, randomly chosen, texts
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snippets. The length of the snippets has to be between 100 and 400 characters
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and a snippet has meet the \gls{FRE} requirement. The snippets are generated by
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volunteers via the web interface of the platform used in this experiment which
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can be seen in Figure \ref{gott:contribute_text}.
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||||
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||||
\begin{figure}[h!]
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||||
\centering
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||||
\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{images/gott_contribute_text.png}
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||||
\caption{Go TyingTest (GoTT) - Text contribution section }
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||||
\label{gott:contribute_text}
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||||
\end{figure}
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% ASK: Should there be a control group at all, if so should they use their own keyboard or always the same random keyboard while they think they are testing different keyswitches?
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\textbf{Planned experiment procedure:}
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||||
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Pre-Test questionnaire to gather demographic and other relevant
|
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information e.g., touch typist, average \gls{KB} usage per day and previous
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medical conditions affecting the result of the study \gls{RSI}, \gls{CTS},
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||||
etc. (5 min)
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% ASK: Medical conditions OK?
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\item Adjustment of test environment (Chair height, monitor height, etc.) (2 min)
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\item Familiarization with the typing test (5 min)
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\item Familiarization with the keyboard (5 min)
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\item \textbf{Main-Test part 1 (H1-H3):} In this part the subject has to take
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two, 5 minute, typing tests per keyboard, with a total of 3 keyboards
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(\gls{KB} A, \gls{KB} B, \gls{KB} C). After each typing test, the subject has
|
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to fill out the post typing test keyboard comfort questionnaire. Each keyboard
|
||||
is equipped with one set of keyswitches and therefore provides one of the
|
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following, uniform, actuation forces across the whole keyboard: 35 \gls{g}, 50
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\gls{g} or 80 \gls{g}. These specific values are the results of a self
|
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conducted comparison between the product lines of most major keyswitch
|
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manufacturers. The results shown in appendix \ref{app:keyswitch} yield, that
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the lowest broadly available force for keyswitches is 35 \gls{g}, the highest
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broadly available force is 80 \gls{g}, and the most common offered force is 50
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\gls{g}. The keyboards used in this experiment are visually identical, ISO/IEC
|
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9995-1 conform \cite{iso9995-1} and provide a \gls{QWERTZ} layout to match the subjects
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day-to-day layout and keyboard format. All keyboards are equipped with linear
|
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mechanical keyswitches from one manufacturer to minimize differences in haptic
|
||||
and sound while typing. The order for the keyboards and texts for the
|
||||
individual tests is randomized and across subjects counterbalanced to mitigate
|
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order effects \cite{statist_counterbalancing}. \textbf{(total: 65 min)}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item First typing test with \gls{KB} A (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item Second typing test with \gls{KB} A (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item First typing test with \gls{KB} B (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item Second typing test with \gls{KB} B (5 min) \\
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||||
Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item First typing test with \gls{KB} C (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item Second typing test with \gls{KB} C (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Main-Test part 2 (H4):} Another typing test to compare the
|
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results of keyboards with uniform actuation force to keyboards with adjusted
|
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actuation force per finger/key. Typing tests (2x 5 min + 5 min break in
|
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between tests) \textbf{(total: (i) 60 min / (ii) 45 min)}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Alternative Methods:}
|
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\begin{enumerate}
|
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\item \textbf{Personalized keyboard:} Typing sample text on an analog
|
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keyboard with high actuation force (150 \gls{g}) (less accurate) or on a
|
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normal keyboard which is placed on top of a force plate (more accurate) to
|
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measure difference in typing force per finger and key. The subject should
|
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be forced to press every relevant key (letters, digits, common special
|
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characters) at least 5 times (Measurement: 15 min, Keyboard adjustment: 15
|
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min)
|
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\item \textbf{Adjusted keyboard:} Keyboard that is equipped with different
|
||||
zones of keyswitches that use appropriate actuation forces according to
|
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finger strength differences and key position. (Keyboard adjustment: 15 min)
|
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\end{enumerate}
|
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\item Familiarization with the keyboard (10 min)
|
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\item First typing test on the personalized/adjusted keyboard (5 min) \\
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
|
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\item Second typing test on the personalized/adjusted keyboard (5 min) \\
|
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Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
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\end{enumerate}
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|
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All tests could be enhanced with the use of \gls{EMG} measurement and/or additional force measurement (with force plates) during the typing tests.
|
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|
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This test scenario is inspired by the tests conducted by \cite{kim_typingforces}.
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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
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%----------Sperrvermerk/Confidentiality clause------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Sperrvermerk/Confidentiality clause}
|
||||
|
||||
Optional.\\
|
||||
|
||||
Ingolstadt, \rule{0.3\textwidth}{0.4pt} \\
|
||||
\textcolor{white}{.}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad \small (Date) \\ [1.3cm]
|
||||
|
||||
(Signature) \\
|
||||
Firstname Lastname
|
|
@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
|
||||
|
||||
%----------Glossar/Glossary-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
% Anzeige erst auf Tools>Glossary bei jeder Änderung!!
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{ABS}{name={ABS},description={Antiblockiersystem}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{LCD}{name={LCD},description={Liquid Crystal Display}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{HUD}{name={HUD},description={Head-up-Display}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{HMI}{name={HMI},description={Human Machine Interface}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{ADAS}{name={ADAS},description={Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, zur Unterstützung des Fahrers hinsichtlich Sicherheit und Komfort}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{ACC}{name={ACC},description={Adaptive Cruise Control}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{SAE}{name={SAE},description={Society for Automobile Engineers}}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{LED}{name={LED},description={Leuchtdiode, eng. light-emitting diode}}
|
||||
\newacronym{KB}{KB}{Keyboard}
|
||||
\newacronym{EMG}{EMG}{Electromyography}
|
||||
\newacronym{CTS}{CTS}{Carpal Tunnel Syndrome}
|
||||
\newacronym{RSI}{RSI}{Repetitive Strain Injury}
|
||||
\newacronym{FRE}{FRE}{Flesch Reading Ease Score}
|
||||
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{cN}{
|
||||
name={cN},
|
||||
description={Centinewton: 1 cN $ \approx $ 1.02 g}
|
||||
}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{g}{
|
||||
name={g},
|
||||
description={Gram: 1 g $ \approx $ 0.97 cN}
|
||||
}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{gf}{
|
||||
name={gf},
|
||||
description={Gram-force: 1 gf = 1 g}
|
||||
}
|
||||
\newglossaryentry{QWERTZ}{
|
||||
name={QWERTZ},
|
||||
description={Keyboard layout commonly used in Germany}
|
||||
}
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 55 KiB |
After Width: | Height: | Size: 63 KiB |
After Width: | Height: | Size: 58 KiB |
After Width: | Height: | Size: 92 KiB |
After Width: | Height: | Size: 18 KiB |
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
||||
% Kapitel 7 - Ausblick
|
||||
|
||||
%\newgeometry{textheight=\paperheight, textwidth=\paperwidth}
|
||||
%\begin{titlepage}
|
||||
% %----THI-Bertrandt-logo--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
% \begin{figure}[h!]
|
||||
% \centering
|
||||
% \includegraphics[width={\textwidth}]{titeltrenner/t7}
|
||||
% \end{figure}
|
||||
% %------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
%\end{titlepage}
|
||||
%\restoregeometry
|
||||
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Ausblick}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Einschränkungen}
|
||||
|
@ -1 +1,121 @@
|
||||
% Encoding: UTF-8
|
||||
% Encoding: UTF-8
|
||||
|
||||
@incollection{eurostat_ent_w_comp,
|
||||
title = {Share of enterprises who used computers in the United Kingdom
|
||||
(UK) and European Union (EU-28 countries) from 2010 to 2015
|
||||
[Graph]},
|
||||
author = {Eurostat},
|
||||
booktitle = {Statista},
|
||||
url =
|
||||
{https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/275306/share-of-enterprises-who-used-computers-in-the-uk-and-eu-since-2010/},
|
||||
year = 2016,
|
||||
month = {may},
|
||||
urldate = {2020-10-12}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@incollection{iresearch_ent_w_comp,
|
||||
title = {Computer usage rate in enterprises in China from 2011 to 2016
|
||||
[Graph]},
|
||||
author = {iResearch},
|
||||
booktitle = {Statista},
|
||||
url =
|
||||
{https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/885270/enterprise-computer-usage-rate-in-china/},
|
||||
year = 2018,
|
||||
month = {jul},
|
||||
urldate = {2020-10-12}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@incollection{itu_hh_w_comp,
|
||||
title = {Share of households with a computer at home worldwide from
|
||||
2005 to 2019 [Graph]},
|
||||
author = {ITU},
|
||||
booktitle = {Statista},
|
||||
url =
|
||||
{https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/748551/worldwide-households-with-computer/},
|
||||
year = 2019,
|
||||
month = {nov},
|
||||
urldate = {2020-10-12}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@article{bretz_finger_force,
|
||||
author = {Bretz, Károly and Jobbágy, Ákos and Bretz, Károly},
|
||||
year = 2010,
|
||||
month = 04,
|
||||
title = {Force measurement of hand and fingers},
|
||||
journal = {Biomechanica Hungarica},
|
||||
doi = {10.17489/biohun/2010/1/07}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@online{ergopedia_keyswitch,
|
||||
author = {Ergopedia},
|
||||
title = {Comparing Mechanical, Membrane and Scissor-Switch Membrane Keyboards - Ergonomic Considerations of Keyswitch Type},
|
||||
url = {http://www.ergopedia.ca/ergonomic_concepts/Mechanical_Keyswitches_Membrane_Keyswitches_and_Scissor_Switch_Membrane_Keyswitches_Ergonomic_Considerations.html},
|
||||
urldate = {2020-10-12}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@article{kim_typingforces,
|
||||
title = {Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and
|
||||
typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop
|
||||
keyboards},
|
||||
journal = {Applied Ergonomics},
|
||||
volume = 45,
|
||||
number = 6,
|
||||
pages = {1406 - 1413},
|
||||
year = 2014,
|
||||
issn = {0003-6870},
|
||||
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.04.001},
|
||||
url =
|
||||
{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000368701400043X},
|
||||
author = {Jeong Ho Kim and Lovenoor Aulck and Michael C. Bartha and
|
||||
Christy A. Harper and Peter W. Johnson}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@online{statist_counterbalancing,
|
||||
author = {Stephanie Glen},
|
||||
title = {Counterbalancing in Research},
|
||||
url = {https://www.statisticshowto.com/counterbalancing-2/},
|
||||
urldate = {2020-10-12}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@incollection{handbook_chi,
|
||||
title = {Chapter 1 - Human-Computer Interaction: Background and Issues},
|
||||
editor = {Marting G. Helander and Thomas K. Landauer and Prasad
|
||||
V. Prabhu},
|
||||
booktitle = {Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (Second Edition)},
|
||||
publisher = {North-Holland},
|
||||
edition = {Second Edition},
|
||||
address = {Amsterdam},
|
||||
pages = {3 - 31},
|
||||
year = 1997,
|
||||
isbn = {978-0-444-81862-1},
|
||||
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044481862-1.50067-4},
|
||||
url =
|
||||
{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444818621500674},
|
||||
author = {Raymond S. Nickerson and Thomas K. Landauer}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@article{iso9995-1,
|
||||
title = {Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office
|
||||
systems},
|
||||
author = {International Organization for Standardization},
|
||||
journal = {International Organization for Standardization},
|
||||
year = 2018
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@book{amstad_fre,
|
||||
title = {Wie verständlich sind unsere Zeitungen?},
|
||||
author = {Amstad, Toni},
|
||||
year = 1978,
|
||||
publisher = {Studenten-Schreib-Service}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@article{flesch_fre,
|
||||
title={A new readability yardstick.},
|
||||
author={Flesch, Rudolph},
|
||||
journal={Journal of Applied Psychology},
|
||||
volume={32},
|
||||
number={3},
|
||||
pages={221-233},
|
||||
year={1948},
|
||||
publisher={American Psychological Association}
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||
import seaborn as sns
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
|
||||
from pandas import read_csv
|
||||
|
||||
sns.set_theme(style="white", color_codes=True)
|
||||
sns.set_palette("colorblind")
|
||||
|
||||
switches = read_csv("../data/keyswitches_brands.csv")
|
||||
|
||||
axis = sns.countplot(data=switches, x="actuation_force")
|
||||
axis.set(ylabel="Number of available Keyswitches", xlabel="Actuation force ± 2 g")
|
||||
mp.savefig("../images/keyswitches_brands.png")
|
Loading…
Reference in new issue