Toerd@archlinux
4 years ago
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%----------Kurzfassung DEUTSCH----------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Kurzfassung}
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Deutschsprachige Kurzfassung...
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%----------Zusammenfassung Englisch/Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Abstract}
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Here goes the abstract (English language)...
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
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%----------Danksagung/Acknowledgments--------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Danksagung/Acknowledgments}
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\blindtext
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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
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%----------Eidesstattliche Erklärung/Affidavit----------------------------------------
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\addsec{Erklärung/Affidavit}
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Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig verfasst, noch nicht anderweitig für Prüfungszwecke vorgelegt, keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen oder Hilfsmittel benützt sowie wörtliche und sinngemäße Zitate als solche gekennzeichnet habe.\\ [2em]
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Ingolstadt, \rule{0.3\textwidth}{0.4pt}\\ [1.5cm]
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%\textcolor{white}{.}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad \small (Datum) \\ [1.5cm]
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%(Unterschrift) \\
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Firstname Lastname
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@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
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% ----------Anhang/Appendices--------------------------------------------------------------
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\appendix
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\section{Anhang}
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\section{Appendices}
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\subsection[]{Onlinefragebogen} \label{sec:a1}
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\vspace{2em}
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\includegraphics[height = 0.6\textheight]{images/fragebogen/questionnaire1}
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\includepdf[pages={2-3}]{images/fragebogen/questionnaire2}
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\subsection{Statista charts}
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\label{sec:a1}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/GER_households_w_computer.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/ITU_households_w_computer.png}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/erostat_ent_w_comp.png}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection[]{Rohdaten des Onlinefragebogens für die statistische Auswertung}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/qu_daten1}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/qu_daten2}
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\end{center}
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\subsection{Collection of available actuation forces for different keyswitch manufacturers}
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\label{sec:a2}
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\newpage
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To gather information about available actuation forces, the product lines of
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keyswitches for all well known manufacturers, namely Cherry, Kailh, Gateron,
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Matias, Razer and Logitech were collected. Since some of the key actuation
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forces listed on the manufacturers or resellers websites were given in \gls{cN}
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and most of them in \gls{g} or \gls{gf}, the values were adjusted to gram to
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reflect a trend that is within a margin of ± 2 g of accuracy. The results shown
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in \textit{Figure \ref{fig:iter}} are used to determine the minimum, maximum and most common
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actuation force for broadly available keyswitches.
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\subsection[]{Auswertung der Evaluation hinsichtlich...}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width = 0.99\textwidth]{images/fragebogen/xxx} \\
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\end{center}
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\newpage
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\subsection[]{Datenträger/Data carrier}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/keyswitches_brands.png}
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\caption{Available actuation forces for keyswitches of major keyswitch manufacturers}
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\label{fig:iter}
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\end{figure}
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@ -1,22 +1,140 @@
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% Chapter 0 - Proposal
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% Section 1 - Motivation, problem statement and thesis objectives
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\section{Bachelor Thesis Proposal - Philip Gaber}
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{\huge Impact of personalized, per key, actuation force on efficiency, effectiveness and ergonomics while using mechanical keyboards}
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{\huge Impact of personalized, per key, actuation force on efficiency and satisfaction while using mechanical keyboards}
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\subsection{Motivation}
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In recent years, computers are used to some extend in almost every industry in
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Europe \cite{eurostat_ent_w_comp} and China \cite{iresearch_ent_w_comp}. This
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leads to the conclusion, that also other countries must have a high usage of
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computers in corporations. Furthermore, according to a statistic published by
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\citeauthor{itu_hh_w_comp} in 2019, nearly half of the worldwide households have
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access to at least one computer \cite{itu_hh_w_comp}. One of the most used
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devices for data input while operating a computer is the keyboard
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\parencite[22]{handbook_chi}. Therefore, people who use a computer, either at
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home or to fulfill certain tasks at work, are also likely to use a
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keyboard. There are also different mechanisms which are used in keyboard keys to
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determine if a key is pressed. More commonly used mechanism to date are scissor
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switches, mostly used in laptop keyboards, dome/membrane switches, often used in
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low- to mid-priced keyboards, and mechanical switches which are the main switch
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type for high-priced and gaming keyboards \cite{ergopedia_keyswitch}. Depending
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on the mechanism and type of key used, it is possible that different force has
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to be applied to the key to activate it. Normally, the force required to
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activate a key is identical for each key across the keyboard. However, previous
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research has shown, that there is a disparity in force generated by different
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fingers \cite{bretz_finger_force}. This raises the question, why there are no
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keyboards with adjusted actuation forces per finger or even customizable
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keyboards, where an individual can select the actuation force for each
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keyswitch.
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\subsection{Objective}
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\subsection{Proposed Objective, Research Question and Hypothesis}
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\subsection{Methods}
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This thesis is intended to provide an overview of already conducted research in
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the domain of keyboards, especially in connection with actuation force and the
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impact of different keyswitches on keyboard users.
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Because there is no previous research in the particular field of per finger/key
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actuation force for (mechanical) keyboards and the impact of such customization
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on efficiency and comfort, this thesis is also intended to research if this is a
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viable option in comparison to the classic keyboard with uniform actuation
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force. Therefore the author proposes to answer the question:
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\begin{tabular}{p{0.3cm} p{0.5cm} p{13cm} p{0.5cm}}
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& \textbf{RQ} & Können die bla bla? & \\
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& \textbf{\large RQ} & {\Large Does a personalized, per key, actuation force have a positive impact on efficiency and satisfaction?} & \\
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\end{tabular}
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\vspace{1em}
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\begin{longtable}{p{0.3cm} p{0.5cm} p{13cm} p{0.5cm}}
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& \textbf{H1} & Je höher, desto geringer. & \\
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& \textbf{H1} & Lower key actuation force improves typing speed over higher key actuation force and therefore enhances efficiency. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H2} & Higher key actuation force decreases typing errors compared to lower key actuation force, which improves efficiency. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H2} & Bla bla, bla bla. & \\
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& \textbf{H3} & Keys with lower actuation force are perceived as more satisfactory to write with then keys with higher actuation force. & \\
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& & & \\
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& \textbf{H3} & ADSNanananaNAnananaANANANANA & \\
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& \textbf{H4} & Users perform better and feel more satisfied while using Keyboards with personalized/adjusted key actuation force then without the personalization/adjustment. & \\
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\end{longtable}
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\section{Proposed Method}
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\subsection{Subjects}
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Main target group to recruit participants for the research study from are
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personal contacts and fellow students. It is planned to recruit ~20 participants
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in total. Participants are required to type with more than just one
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finger. Therefore touch typing is not a mandatory but helpful skill to
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participate. The age distribution for the subjects is estimated to be between 18
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and 56 years. The average typing speed should be known prior to the main
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experiment. Therefore, a typing speed test should be performed on the subject's
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own keyboard beforehand. This pre experiment typing test has to be performed
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within the standardized test environment consisting of an adjustable chair,
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desk, monitor and the typing test software used within the main experiment.
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Also, all subjects have to give their written consent to participate in the
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study.
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\subsection{Study design}
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The experiment should consist of a experimental group and a control group. The text used for the typing test should be easily understandable. Therefore the text has to be evaluated with the help of a Flesch-Kncaid scala (understandability of text).
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% ASK: Should there be a control group at all, if so should they use their own keyboard or always the same random keyboard while they think they are testing different keyswitches?
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\textbf{Planned experiment procedure:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Pre-Test questionnaire to gather demographic and other relevant
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information (age, gender, dominant hand, touch typing experience, average
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\gls{KB} usage per day, previous medical conditions affecting the result of
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the study -> \gls{RSI}, \gls{CTS}, etc.) (5 min)
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% ASK: Medical conditions OK?
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\item Adjustment of test environment (Chair height, monitor height, etc.) (2 min)
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\item Familiarization with the typing test (5 min)
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\item \textbf{Main-Test part 1 (H1-H3):} Typing tests (2x 5 min per \gls{KB} +
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5 min break in between tests) with different actuation forces for the whole
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keyboard (35 \gls{g}, 50 \gls{g}, 80 \gls{g}). These specific values are the
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results of a self conducted comparison between the product lines of most major
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keyswitch manufacturers. The results show, that the lowest average force for
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keyswitches available is 35 \gls{g}, the highest average force is 80 \gls{g},
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and the most common offered force is 50 \gls{g}. The keyboard has an ISO type
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and QWERTZ layout to match the subjects day-to-day layout and keyboard
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format. The keyboard uses mechanical keyswitches which are hot-pluggable and
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therefore can be changed after each typing test while participants take a
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break. The order for the keyswitch actuation forces and texts for the
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individual tests is randomized and across subjects counterbalanced to mitigate
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order effects \cite{statist_counterbalancing}. \textbf{(total: 60 min)}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item First typing test (15 min)
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\item Change of keyswitches + follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item Second typing test (15 min)
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\item Change of keyswitches + follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\item Third typing test (15 min)
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\item Follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Main-Test part 2 (H4):} Another typing test to compare the
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results of keyboards with uniform actuation force to keyboards with adjusted
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actuation force per finger/key. \textbf{(total: 50 min)}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Typing sample text on an analog keyboard with high actuation force (150
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\gls{g}) to measure difference in typing force per finger and key. The subject
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should be forced to press every relevant key (letters, digits, common special
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characters) at least 5 times (can be replaced by a keyboard that is equipped
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with different zones of keyswitches that use appropriate actuation forces) (30
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min including adjustment of keyboard and familiarization)
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\item Typing speed tests on the adjusted keyboard (15 min) with follow-up ISO
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keyboard comfort questionnaire (ISO9241-410) (5 min)
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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% More than 60 min is probably to long
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With all those tasks, the experiment would exceed 60 minutes. Therefore, the
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additional typing test with the adjusted keyboard could take place on another
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day or the initial tests to figure out the performance and comfort for different
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key actuation forces could be left out entirely and only the adjusted keyboard
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is compared to the personal keyboard of each participant.
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All tests could be enhanced with the use of \gls{EMG} measurement and/or additional force measurement (with force plates) during the typing tests.
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This test scenario is inspired by the tests conducted by \cite{kim_typingforces}.
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% TODO: Dissatisfied statt comfort da hohe error rate und dadurch frustriert
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% TODO: Bei hypothesen noch error rate bei geschwindigkeit mit einbeziehen
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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
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%----------Sperrvermerk/Confidentiality clause------------------------------------------------------------
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\addsec{Sperrvermerk/Confidentiality clause}
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Optional.\\
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Ingolstadt, \rule{0.3\textwidth}{0.4pt} \\
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\textcolor{white}{.}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad \small (Date) \\ [1.3cm]
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(Signature) \\
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Firstname Lastname
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@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
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%----------Glossar/Glossary-------------------------------------------------------------
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% Anzeige erst auf Tools>Glossary bei jeder Änderung!!
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\newglossaryentry{ABS}{name={ABS},description={Antiblockiersystem}}
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\newglossaryentry{LCD}{name={LCD},description={Liquid Crystal Display}}
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\newglossaryentry{HUD}{name={HUD},description={Head-up-Display}}
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\newglossaryentry{HMI}{name={HMI},description={Human Machine Interface}}
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\newglossaryentry{ADAS}{name={ADAS},description={Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, zur Unterstützung des Fahrers hinsichtlich Sicherheit und Komfort}}
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\newglossaryentry{ACC}{name={ACC},description={Adaptive Cruise Control}}
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\newglossaryentry{SAE}{name={SAE},description={Society for Automobile Engineers}}
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\newglossaryentry{LED}{name={LED},description={Leuchtdiode, eng. light-emitting diode}}
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\newacronym{KB}{KB}{Keyboard}
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\newacronym{EMG}{EMG}{Electromyography}
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\newacronym{CTS}{CTS}{Carpal Tunnel Syndrome}
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\newacronym{RSI}{RSI}{Repetitive Strain Injury}
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\newglossaryentry{cN}{
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name={cN},
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description={Centinewton: 1 cN $ \approx $ 1.02 g}
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}
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\newglossaryentry{g}{
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name={g},
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description={Gram: 1 g $ \approx $ 0.97 cN}
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}
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\newglossaryentry{gf}{
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name={gf},
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description={Gram-force: 1 gf = 1 g}
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}
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|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 55 KiB |
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 63 KiB |
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 58 KiB |
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 18 KiB |
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
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% Kapitel 7 - Ausblick
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%\newgeometry{textheight=\paperheight, textwidth=\paperwidth}
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%\begin{titlepage}
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% %----THI-Bertrandt-logo--------------------------------------------------------
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% \begin{figure}[h!]
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% \centering
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% \includegraphics[width={\textwidth}]{titeltrenner/t7}
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% \end{figure}
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% %------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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%\end{titlepage}
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%\restoregeometry
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%%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\section{Ausblick}
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\subsection{Einschränkungen}
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@ -1 +1,84 @@
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% Encoding: UTF-8
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@incollection{eurostat_ent_w_comp,
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title = "Share of enterprises who used computers in the United Kingdom (UK) and European Union (EU-28 countries) from 2010 to 2015 [Graph]",
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author = "Eurostat",
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booktitle = "Statista",
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url= "https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/275306/share-of-enterprises-who-used-computers-in-the-uk-and-eu-since-2010/",
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year = 2016,
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month = may,
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urldate = {2020-10-12}
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}
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@incollection{iresearch_ent_w_comp,
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title = "Computer usage rate in enterprises in China from 2011 to 2016 [Graph]",
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author = "iResearch",
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booktitle = "Statista",
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url = "https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/885270/enterprise-computer-usage-rate-in-china/",
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year = 2018,
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month = jul,
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urldate = {2020-10-12}
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}
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@incollection{itu_hh_w_comp,
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title = "Share of households with a computer at home worldwide from 2005 to 2019 [Graph]",
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author = "ITU",
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booktitle = "Statista",
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url = "https://www-statista-com.thi.idm.oclc.org/statistics/748551/worldwide-households-with-computer/",
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year = 2019,
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month = nov,
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urldate = {2020-10-12}
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}
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@article{bretz_finger_force,
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author = {Bretz, Károly and Jobbágy, Ákos and Bretz, Károly},
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year = {2010},
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month = {04},
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pages = {},
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title = {Force measurement of hand and fingers},
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journal = {Biomechanica Hungarica},
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doi = {10.17489/biohun/2010/1/07}
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}
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@online{ergopedia_keyswitch,
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author = {Ergopedia},
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title = {Comparing Mechanical, Membrane and Scissor-Switch Membrane Keyboards - Ergonomic Considerations of Keyswitch Type},
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url = {http://www.ergopedia.ca/ergonomic_concepts/Mechanical_Keyswitches_Membrane_Keyswitches_and_Scissor_Switch_Membrane_Keyswitches_Ergonomic_Considerations.html},
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urldate = {2020-10-12}
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}
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@article{kim_typingforces,
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title = "Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards",
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journal = "Applied Ergonomics",
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volume = "45",
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number = "6",
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pages = "1406 - 1413",
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year = "2014",
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issn = "0003-6870",
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doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.04.001",
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url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000368701400043X",
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author = "Jeong Ho Kim and Lovenoor Aulck and Michael C. Bartha and Christy A. Harper and Peter W. Johnson"
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}
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@online{statist_counterbalancing,
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author = {Stephanie Glen},
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title = {Counterbalancing in Research},
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url = {https://www.statisticshowto.com/counterbalancing-2/},
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urldate = {2020-10-12}
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}
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@incollection{handbook_chi,
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title = "Chapter 1 - Human-Computer Interaction: Background and Issues",
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editor = "Marting G. Helander and Thomas K. Landauer and Prasad V. Prabhu",
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booktitle = "Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (Second Edition)",
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publisher = "North-Holland",
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edition = "Second Edition",
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address = "Amsterdam",
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pages = "3 - 31",
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year = "1997",
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isbn = "978-0-444-81862-1",
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doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044481862-1.50067-4",
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url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444818621500674",
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author = "Raymond S. Nickerson and Thomas K. Landauer"
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
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import seaborn as sns
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import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
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from pandas import read_csv
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sns.set_theme(style="white", color_codes=True)
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sns.set_palette("colorblind")
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switches = read_csv("../data/keyswitches_brands.csv")
|
||||
|
||||
axis = sns.countplot(data=switches, x="actuation_force")
|
||||
axis.set(ylabel="Number of available Keyswitches", xlabel="Actuation force ± 2 g")
|
||||
mp.savefig("../images/keyswitches_brands.png")
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in new issue