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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ the right flexor (n = 22). No significant differences have been found in left or
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right extensor (\glsfirst{ED}) \%\gls{MVC} between T0\_1 and T0\_2. All results
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right extensor (\glsfirst{ED}) \%\gls{MVC} between T0\_1 and T0\_2. All results
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can be observed in Table \ref{tbl:res_own_before_after}.
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can be observed in Table \ref{tbl:res_own_before_after}.
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\small
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\small
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\ra{1.3}
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\ra{1.3}
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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ T0\_2 ($\pm$ 1 mm). The subjective reports about the decrease in finger and
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wrist fatigue emphasize the decrease in muscle activity for the flexor muscles
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wrist fatigue emphasize the decrease in muscle activity for the flexor muscles
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we described in the last paragraph.
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we described in the last paragraph.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{images/res_own_per_fat}
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\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{images/res_own_per_fat}
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\caption{Trends for reported fatigue through the \gls{KCQ} (questions 8:
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\caption{Trends for reported fatigue through the \gls{KCQ} (questions 8:
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@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ we described in the last paragraph.
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point for T0\_2 with a margin of $\pm$ 1 mm}
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point for T0\_2 with a margin of $\pm$ 1 mm}
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\label{fig:res_own_per_fat}
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\label{fig:res_own_per_fat}
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection{Performance Metrics}
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\subsection{Performance Metrics}
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% As briefly mentioned in the last section, the individual measurements were then converted into
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% As briefly mentioned in the last section, the individual measurements were then converted into
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% percentage values of the mean of the reference values gathered from typing tests
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% percentage values of the mean of the reference values gathered from typing tests
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@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ significant differences between \textit{Aphrodite} (M = 51.5, sd = 14.0) and
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relevant results of the post-hoc tests and the summary of the performance data
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relevant results of the post-hoc tests and the summary of the performance data
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can be observed in Tables \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_speed} and \ref{tbl:res_tkbs_speed}.
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can be observed in Tables \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_speed} and \ref{tbl:res_tkbs_speed}.
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\footnotesize
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\footnotesize
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\ra{1.2}
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\ra{1.2}
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@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ can be observed in Tables \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_speed} and \ref{tbl:res_tkbs_speed}.
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_speed}
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_speed}
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\end{table}
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\end{table}
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\small
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\small
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\ra{1.3}
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\ra{1.3}
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@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ significant difference. It should be noted, that the 90th percentile of
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metrics and results for all post-hoc tests can be seen in Table
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metrics and results for all post-hoc tests can be seen in Table
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\ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_err} and \ref{tbl:res_tkbs_err}.
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\ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_err} and \ref{tbl:res_tkbs_err}.
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\footnotesize
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\footnotesize
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\ra{1.2}
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\ra{1.2}
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@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ metrics and results for all post-hoc tests can be seen in Table
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_err}
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_err}
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\end{table}
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\end{table}
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\small
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\small
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\ra{1.3}
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\ra{1.3}
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@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ metrics and results for all post-hoc tests can be seen in Table
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\label{tbl:res_tkbs_err}
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\label{tbl:res_tkbs_err}
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\end{table}
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\end{table}
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\subsubsection{Muscle Activity}
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\subsection{Muscle Activity}
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\label{sec:res_muscle_activity}
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\label{sec:res_muscle_activity}
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We utilized the \gls{EMG} device described in Section \ref{sec:main_design} to
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We utilized the \gls{EMG} device described in Section \ref{sec:main_design} to
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gather data about the muscle activities (\% of \glsfirst{MVC}) during typing
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gather data about the muscle activities (\% of \glsfirst{MVC}) during typing
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@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ second typing test for any keyboard/muscle combination. The summaries for all
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test keyboards of the mean values for both typing tests combined can be observed
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test keyboards of the mean values for both typing tests combined can be observed
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in Table \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_emg}.
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in Table \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_emg}.
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\begin{table}[ht]
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\centering
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\footnotesize
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\footnotesize
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\ra{1.2}
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\ra{1.2}
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@ -385,7 +384,80 @@ in Table \ref{tbl:sum_tkbs_emg}.
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\end{tabular}
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\end{tabular}
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}
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}
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\bottomrule
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\bottomrule
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\caption{Summaries for the mean values of measured muscle activity (\% of
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\caption{Summaries for the \textit{mean values of} measured muscle activity
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\glsfirst{MVC}) in both typing tests conducted with each keyboard.}
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(\% of \glsfirst{MVC}) in \textit{both typing tests} conducted with each
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keyboard.}
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_emg}
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\label{tbl:sum_tkbs_emg}
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\end{table}
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\end{table}
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\pagebreak
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\subsection{Questionnaires}
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\label{sec:res_questionnaires}
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\subsubsection{Keyboard Comfort Questionnaire}
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\label{sec:res_kcq}
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The \glsfirst{KCQ} was filled out by the participants after each individual
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typing test. The questionnaire featured twelve questions regarding the
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previously used keyboard which are labelled as follows:
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\ra{0.8}
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\small
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\begin{tabular}{llll}
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\textbf{KCQ1:} & \textit{``Required operating force during usage?''} & \textbf{KCQ7:} & \textit{``Ease of use?''} \\
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\textbf{KCQ2:} & \textit{``Perceived uniformity during usage?''} & \textbf{KCQ8:} & \textit{``Fatigue of the fingers?''} \\
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\textbf{KCQ3:} & \textit{``Effort required during usage?''} & \textbf{KCQ9:} & \textit{``Fatigue of the wrists?''} \\
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\textbf{KCQ4:} & \textit{``Perceived accuracy?''} & \textbf{KCQ10:} & \textit{``Fatigue of the arms?''} \\
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\textbf{KCQ5:} & \textit{``Acceptability of speed?''} & \textbf{KCQ11:} & \textit{``Fatigue of the shoulders?''} \\
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\textbf{KCQ6:} & \textit{``Overall satisfaction?''} & \textbf{KCQ12:} & \textit{``Fatigue of the neck?''} \\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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All questions featured a 7-point Likert scale where 1 always denoted the worst
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and 7 the best possible experience \cite{iso9241-411}. We conducted Friedman's
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Tests for all questions and found differences for at least two of the test
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keyboards in \textit{KCQ3} ($\chi^2$(3) = 9.49, p = 0.024), \textit{KCQ4}
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($\chi^2$(3) = 18.4, p = 0.0004), \textit{KCQ6} ($\chi^2$(3) = 10.2, p = 0.017)
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and \textit{KCQ8} ($\chi^2$(3) = 12.0, p = 0.0075). Further, we noticed a trend
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towards significance for question \textit{KCQ1} ($\chi^2$(3) = 7.02, p =
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0.071). The mean values for all answers can be seen in Figure
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\ref{fig:kcq_tkbs_res} and the post-hoc test for relevant answers are shown in
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Table \ref{tbl:res_kcq}.
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{images/kcq_tkbs_res}
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\caption{Means of the responses for all questions of the \glsfirst{KCQ}}
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\label{fig:kcq_tkbs_res}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{table}[H]
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\centering
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\small
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\ra{1.3}
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\begin{tabular}{?l^l^l^l^l^l^l^l}
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\toprule
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\rowstyle{\itshape}
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Y & Comparison & Statistic & p & Estimate & CI & Hypothesis \\
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\midrule
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\multicolumn{6}{l}{\textbf{Non Parametric (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)}} \\
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KCQ1 & Aphrodite - Athena & 191.5 & 0.051^\dagger & 1.5 & [0.5, 2.5] & two-tailed \\
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\midrule
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KCQ3 & Aphrodite - Athena & 209.5 & 0.03^* & 1.25 & [0.25, 2] & two-tailed \\
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KCQ3 & Athena - Hera & 37.0 & 0.022^* & -1.25 & [-2, -0.5] & two-tailed \\
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KCQ3 & Athena - Nyx & 31.0 & 0.03^* & -1.5 & [-2.5, -0.5] & two-tailed \\
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\midrule
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KCQ4 & Aphrodite - Nyx & 161.5 & 0.038^* & 1.5 & [0.75, 2.5] & two-tailed \\
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KCQ4 & Athena - Hera & 168.5 & 0.072^\dagger & 1.0 & [0.25, 1.5] & two-tailed \\
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KCQ4 & Athena - Nyx & 193.5 & 0.006^* & 2.0 & [1, 2.75] & two-tailed \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{Post-hoc tests for questions from the \gls{KCQ}. Statistically
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significant differences (p < 0.05) are marked with an asterisk and p values
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indicating a trend towards significance are denoted with
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$\dagger$. Confidence intervals are given for the difference of the location
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parameter}
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\label{tbl:res_kcq}
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\end{table}
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\subsubsection{User Experience Questionnaire (Short)}
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\label{sec:res_ueqs}
|
phga
4 years ago
