update: methodology done

chap3/implementation.tex

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ func calculateFRE(txt string) float64 {
 \end{listing}
 \end{enumerate}
 
-\subsection{Finger strength measurement device}
+\subsection{Finger Strength Measurement Device}
 \label{sec:force_meas_dev}
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]

chap4/methodology.tex

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ performance and user satisfaction while using four different keyboards,
 including our adjusted keyboard, to values obtained with the participant's own
 keyboards.
 
-\subsection{Preliminary telephone interview}
+\subsection{Preliminary Telephone Interview}
 \label{sec:telephone_interview}
 Some of the studies we found that researched implications of actuation force on
 speed, preference or other metrics were published between 1984 and 2010. That is
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Web\footnote{\url{https://web.whatsapp.com/}}, Signal
 Desktop\footnote{\url{https://signal.org/download/}}, Telegram
 Desktop\footnote{\url{https://desktop.telegram.org/}}).
 
-\subsection{Market analysis of available mechanical keyswitches}
+\subsection{Market Analysis of Available Mechanical Keyswitches}
 \label{sec:market_forces}
 To gather information about available actuation forces, we collected the product
 lines of keyswitches for all well known manufacturers, namely
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ actuation force is 35 g ($\approx$ 0.34 \gls{N}) the most common one is 50 g
   \label{fig:keyswitches_brands}
 \end{figure}
 
-\subsection{Preliminary study of finger strength}
+\subsection{Preliminary Study of Finger Strength}
 To evaluate the impact of an adjusted keyboard (keyboard with non-uniform
 actuation forces) on performance and satisfaction we first needed to get an
 understanding on how to distribute keyswitches with different actuation forces
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ which is discussed in more detail in the following section.
   \label{fig:adjusted_layout}
 \end{figure}
 
-\subsection{Main user study}
+\subsection{Main User Study}
 \label{sec:main_study_meth}
 \subsubsection{Hypotheses}
 \label{sec:main_hypotheses}
@@ -352,13 +352,14 @@ researchers were tested with antigen tests prior to every appointment.
 \label{sec:main_keyboards}
 Additionally to the reference tests conducted with the participant's own
 keyboards, we provided four keyboards which only differed in terms of actuation
-force.  We decided to assign pseudonyms in the form of Greek goddesses to the
+force (Appendix \ref{app:equipment}). We decided to assign pseudonyms in the form
-keyboards to make fast differentiation during the sessions easier and reduce
+of Greek goddesses to the keyboards to make fast differentiation during the
-ambiguity. The pseudonyms for each keyboard and the corresponding actuation
+sessions easier and reduce ambiguity. The pseudonyms for each keyboard and the
-force can be found in Table \ref{tbl:kb_pseudo}. All keyboards used the standard
+corresponding actuation force can be found in Table \ref{tbl:kb_pseudo}. All
-ISO/IEC 9995 \cite{iso9995-2} physical layout and provided keycaps representing
+keyboards used the standard ISO/IEC 9995 \cite{iso9995-2} physical layout and
-the German \gls{QWERTZ} layout, which all participants were already familiar
+provided keycaps representing the German \gls{QWERTZ} layout, which all
-with. All four keyboards used in the experiment were
+participants were already familiar with. All four keyboards used in the
+experiment were
 \textit{\gls{GMMK}}\footnote{\url{https://www.pcgamingrace.com/products/gmmk-full-brown-switch}}
 equipped with \textit{Gateron} mechanical
 keyswitches\footnote{\url{http://www.gateron.com/col/58459?lang=en}}. The order
@@ -411,10 +412,10 @@ information about privacy, the \gls{EMG} measurements and questionnaires used
 during the experiment. Next, participants filled out a pre-experiment
 questionnaire to gather demographic and other relevant information e.g., touch
 typist, average \gls{KB} usage per day, predominantly used keyboard type,
-previous medical conditions affecting the result of the study e.g., \glsfirst{RSI},
+previous medical conditions affecting the result of the study e.g.,
-\glsfirst{CTS}, etc. The full questionnaire can be observed in the appendix
+\glsfirst{RSI}, \glsfirst{CTS}, etc. The full questionnaire can be observed in
-\ref{app:gott}. Further, participants could adjust the chair, table and monitor
+Appendix \ref{app:gott}. Further, participants could adjust the chair, table and
-to a comfortable position.
+monitor to a comfortable position.
 
 \textbf{\gls{EMG} Measurements}
 
@@ -443,13 +444,13 @@ and 0\%\gls{MVC}), which are used later to calculate the percentage of muscle
 activity for each test, we performed three measurements. First, participants
 were instructed to fully relax the \gls{FDS}, \gls{FDP} and \gls{ED} by
 completely resting their forearms on the table. Second, participants exerted
-maximum possible force with their fingers against the top of the table
+maximum possible force with their fingers (volar) against the top of the table
 (\gls{MVC} - flexion) and lastly, participants applied maximum possible force
-with their fingers to the bottom of the table while resting their forearms on
+with their fingers (dorsal) to the bottom of the table while resting their
-their thighs (\gls{MVC} - extension). We decided to also measure 0\%\gls{MVC}
+forearms on their thighs (\gls{MVC} - extension). We decided to also measure
-before and after each typing test and used these values to normalize the final
+0\%\gls{MVC} before and after each typing test and used these values to
-data instead of the 0\%\gls{MVC} we retrieved from the initial \gls{MVC}
+normalize the final data instead of the 0\%\gls{MVC} we retrieved from the
-measurements.
+initial \gls{MVC} measurements.
 
 
 \textbf{Familiarization with \glsfirst{GoTT} and the Keyboards}
@@ -479,78 +480,72 @@ almost identical \gls{FRE} scores (mean = 80.10, SD = 0.48).
 To receive feedback about several aspects that define a satisfactory user
 experience while using a keyboard, we decided to incorporate two questionnaires
 into our experiment. The first questionnaire was the \glsfirst{KCQ} provided by
-\cite[56]{iso9241-411} and was filled out after each individual typing test. The
+\cite[56]{iso9241-411} and was filled out after each individual typing test
-second survey, that was filled out every time the keyboard was changed, was the
+(\glsfirst{PTTQ}). The second survey, that was filled out every time the keyboard
-\glsfirst{UEQ-S} \cite{schrepp_ueq_handbook} with an additional question―``How
+was changed, was the \glsfirst{UEQ-S} \cite{schrepp_ueq_handbook} with an
-satisfied have you been with this keyboard?''―that could be answered with the
+additional question―``How satisfied have you been with this keyboard?''―that
-help of an \gls{VAS} ranging from 0 to 100 \cite{lewis_vas}. The short version
+could be answered with the help of an \gls{VAS} ranging from 0 to 100
-of the \gls{UEQ} was selected, because of the limited time participants had to
+(\glsfirst{PKQ})\cite{lewis_vas}. The short version of the \gls{UEQ} was selected, because of
-fill out the questionnaires in between typing tests (2 - 3 minutes) and also
+the limited time participants had to fill out the questionnaires in between
-because participants had to rate multiple keyboards in one session
+typing tests (2 - 3 minutes) and also because participants had to rate multiple
-\cite{schrepp_ueq_handbook}.
+keyboards in one session \cite{schrepp_ueq_handbook}.
-
+
-
+\textbf{Post Experiment Interview \& UX-Curves}
-  \item Initial typing test with own keyboard. (5 min) \\
+
-        Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+To give participants the chance to recapitulate their experience during the
-        Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+whole experiment, we conducted a semi-structured interview, after all typing
-
+tests were completed. We recorded audio and video for the whole duration of the
-        \item \textbf{Main Part of the Experiment:} In this part the subject had
+interviews and afterwards categorized common statements about each
-        to take two, 5 minute, typing tests per keyboard, with a total of 4
+keyboard.
-        keyboards (\textit{Nyx, Aphrodite, Athena, Hera}). After each typing
+
-        test, the subject had to fill out the post typing test survey
+Further, we prepared two different graphs were participants had to draw
-        (\gls{KCQ}). Keyboards A, B and C are equipped with one set of
+UX-Curves related to subjectively perceived typing speed and subjectively
-        keyswitches and therefore each of the keyboards provides one of the
+perceived fatigue for every keyboard and corresponding typing test. The graphs
-        following, uniform, actuation forces across all keyswitches: 35 \gls{g},
+always reflected the order of keyboards for the group the current participant
-        50 \gls{g} or 80 \gls{g}. These specific values are the results of a
+was part of. Furthermore, before the interview started, participants were given
-        self conducted comparison between the product lines of most major
+a brief introduction on how to draw UX-Curves and that it is desirable to
-        keyswitch manufacturers. The results shown in appendix
+explain the thought process while drawing each curve \cite{kujala_ux_curve}. An
-        \ref{app:keyswitch} yield, that the lowest broadly available force for
+example of the empty graph for perceived fatigue (group 1) can be seen in Figure
-        keyswitches is 35 \gls{g}, the highest broadly available force is 80
+\ref{fig:empty_ux_g1}.
-        \gls{g}, and the most common offered force is 50 \gls{g}. Keyboard D is
+
-        equipped with different zones of keyswitches that use appropriate
+\begin{figure}[ht]
-        actuation forces according to finger strength differences and key
+  \centering
-        position. The keyboards used in this experiment are visually identical,
+  \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{images/empty_ux_g1}
-        ISO/IEC 9995-1 conform \cite{iso9995-1} and provide a \gls{QWERTZ}
+  \caption{Empty graph for participants of group 1 to draw an UX-curve related
-        layout to resemble the subjects day-to-day layout and keyboard format as
+    to perceived fatigue during the experiment}
-        close as possible. All keyboards are equipped with linear mechanical
+  \label{fig:empty_ux_g1}
-        keyswitches from one manufacturer to minimize differences in haptic and
+\end{figure}
-        sound while typing. To mitigate order effects, the order of the
+
-        keyboards is counterbalanced with the help of the latin square method
+\textbf{Main Part of the Experiment}
-        and the text snippets for the individual tests are randomized
+
-        \cite{statist_counterbalancing}. \textbf{(total: 80 min)}
+Each subject had to take two, 5 minute, typing tests per keyboard, with a total
-
+of 5 keyboards, namely \textit{Own (participant's own keyboard)}, \textit{Nyx
-  \begin{enumerate}
+  (35 g, uniform), Aphrodite (50 g, uniform), Athena (80 g uniform)} and
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} A, Part 1:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+\textit{Hera (35 g - 60 g, adjusted)} (Table \ref{tbl:kb_pseudo}). As described
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+in Section \ref{sec:main_keyboards}, the order of the keyboards \textit{Nyx,
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+  Aphrodite, Athena} and \textit{Hera} was counterbalanced with the help of a
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} A, Part 2:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+balanced latin square to reduce order effects. The keyboard \textit{Own} was
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+used to gather reference values for all measured metrics. Thus, typing tests
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+with \textit{Own} were conducted before (one test) and after (one test) all
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} C, Part 1:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+other keyboards, to also capture possible variations in performance due to
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+fatigue. Participants were allowed, but not forced to, correct mistakes during
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+the typing tests. The typing test application allowed no shortcuts to delete or
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} C, Part 2:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+insert multiple characters and correction was only possible by hitting the
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+\textit{Backspace} key on the keyboard. The \textit{Capslock} key was disable
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+during all typing tests, because there was only visual feedback in form of
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} B, Part 1:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+coloring of correct and incorrect input and no direct representation of entered
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+characters (Figure \ref{fig:gott_colorblind}), which could lead to confusion
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+when the \textit{Capslock} key is activated on accident.
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} B, Part 2:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+\subsection{Summary}
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+\label{sec:meth_summary}
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} D, Part 1:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+The preliminary telephone interview and the market analysis of available
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+mechanical keyswitches allowed us to gather profound information concerning
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+user's preferences and availability of hardware components. Additionally, the
-    \item \textbf{\gls{KB} D, Part 2:} Typing test. (5min) \\
+preliminary study, where we measured the maximum applicable force onto a
-    Adjusted follow-up ISO keyboard comfort questionnaire. (2 min) \\
+keyswitch for each finger of the right hand in different positions, yielded
-    Pause with light stretching exercises. (3 min)
+necessary data for the design of the adjusted keyboard layout. Throughout the
-  \end{enumerate}
+main user study, where we compared five different keyboards, we were able to
-
+obtain various qualitative and quantitative data regarding performance and
-  \item Post-Test semi-structured interview: The participant has to draw three
+satisfaction. The statistical evaluation of this data will be presented in the
-  different UX curves \cite{kujala_ux_curve} to evaluate how fatigue,
+next Section.
-  performance and overall usability of the individual keyboards were perceived
-  during the experiment. While drawing the UX curve, participants should
-  describe their thought process. To reduce errors in the later evaluation of
-  the UX curves, the entire interview is recorded. (10 min)
-
-\end{enumerate}

chap5/results.tex

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+% A rapid method that creates many corrected errors, has efficient error correction, and leaves
+% few uncorrected errors can still be considered a successful method, since it produces
+% accurate text in relatively little time. pp. 56 MacKenzie
 \section{Results}
-A rapid method that creates many corrected errors, has efficient error correction, and leaves
+\label{sec:results}
-few uncorrected errors can still be considered a successful method, since it produces
+This section addresses the statistical analysis of the data obtained throughout
-accurate text in relatively little time. pp. 56 MacKenzie
+the main, within-subject, user study (n = 24) that consisted of five repeated
-\label{sec:label}
+measurements. Because the data was from related, dependent groups, we used
+repeated measurement \gls{ANOVA} if all required assumption were met and
+Friedman's Test otherwise.

glossary.tex

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 \newacronym{OLED}{OLED}{organic light-emitting diode}
 \newacronym{GMMK}{GMMK}{Glorious Modular Mechanical Keyboards}
 
+\newacronym{ANOVA}{ANOVA}{analysis of variance}
+
 \newglossaryentry{N}{
 name={N},
 description={Newton: 1 N $ \approx $ 101.97 g}